Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Treat early, treat right, move on.
UTIs are common bacterial infections of the urinary tract, most often the bladder. Uncomplicated UTIs in otherwise healthy women respond reliably to short antibiotic courses. Red flags suggesting kidney involvement need more careful assessment.
Causes & risk factors
- E. coli from gut flora (85% of cases)
- Sexual activity
- Reduced oestrogen post-menopause
- Catheters
- Structural urinary abnormalities
Symptoms
- Burning on urination
- Frequency and urgency
- Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
- Suprapubic discomfort
- Blood in urine
- Flank pain or fever — suggests kidney involvement
How it's diagnosed
- Symptoms alone are often enough in uncomplicated cases
- Urine dipstick confirms leukocytes and nitrites
- Urine culture in recurrent or complicated UTIs
Evidence-based treatment
- Nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole — 3-5 day courses
- Paracetamol or ibuprofen for symptom relief
- Adequate hydration
- Recurrent UTIs: post-coital antibiotic, vaginal oestrogen, prophylactic courses
Prevention
- Urinate after intercourse
- Stay hydrated
- Avoid spermicide if prone to UTIs
- Front-to-back wiping
Related symptoms
Urinary Tract Infection — related reading
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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) — FAQ
Can a doctor prescribe antibiotics for UTI online?
Yes — for uncomplicated cases with clear symptoms, a GP can issue a prescription after a short video consultation. Complicated UTIs or suspected kidney infection need in-person care.
Other conditions
This page is general information, not medical advice for any specific person. For diagnosis and treatment, book a consultation.